The foot and ankle form a complex structure composed of bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and nerves, all working together to enable movement, support body weight, and provide stability.

The ankle connects the foot to the lower leg and is made up of several bones (including the talus) articulating with the tibia and fibula, allowing for up-and-down and some side-to-side motion. The foot itself contains seven tarsal bones (including the calcaneus or heel bone) that provide flexibility and shock absorption. These bones link to the five metatarsals, which form the arch of the foot, and then to the phalanges, which make up the toes.

Muscles and tendons, many originating in the lower leg, give your foot the ability to walk, run, balance, and push off the ground, while nerves—like the tibial and peroneal nerves—carry signals from the brain to power movement and provide sensation.

Because the foot and ankle bear the body’s entire weight and are essential for mobility, they are particularly vulnerable to injury, stress, and overuse conditions. Understanding how they work is the first step in keeping them healthy and functioning at their best.